Author: johndewhirst

My column published in Bradford City programme on 21 November, 2017 v Scunthorpe United:

On 31 December, 1907 the city of Bradford was granted a formal coat of arms which remained the civic crest of Bradford until the formation of the metropolitan district in 1974. It comprised the red/blue Bradford shield with three bugles, a boar’s head on top with a ram and a goat on either side. Its replacement (which is still used) was derived from an amalgam of characters from the constituent parts of the new authority, the most obvious change being the stag of Keighley and a knight’s helmet.

In 1908 the Bradford arms were featured prominently on the new Midland Road stand. Across at Park Avenue, the grandstand constructed in 1907 incorporated the traditional Bradford shield on the two end gables. Both clubs were eager to portray themselves as representatives of Bradford and in 1909 the coat of arms began to appear on the BCAFC club shirt, famously worn when the club won the FA Cup in 1911. Avenue similarly adopted the badge (although not on shirts).

The Bradford coat of arms remained the official club crest at Valley Parade until 1966 when it was replaced by a boar’s head atop a shield containing a BC-AFC monogram. In turn that was retained until 1974 when replaced by a modernist graphic that lasted only 7 years. Anxious for a fresh image, chairman Bob Martin revived the club’s historic bantam identity in December, 1981 and with the exception of a revival of the boar’s head (with the BC-AFC shield) between 1985-91, a bantam has continued to be the main feature of the club crest ever since.

Despite the boar’s head (without a tongue) being a traditional emblem of Bradford, derived from the legend about the killing of the wild boar in Cliffe Wood (on the hillside opposite Valley Parade) in the 14th century, it is no longer used by either of the city’s two senior clubs, City or Bulls (the latter who relaunched itself in the Super League in 1996 with a new identity).

Bradford City is not the only club to have spurned a civic identity. The traditional crest of Scunthorpe United was similarly the civic coat of arms, the central feature of which was a chain of five links representing the constituent villages that formed the town. Desperate for a makeover, Scunthorpe United advertised a competition for a new crest in the club programme for the fixture with Bradford City on 3rd October, 1981 and the following season it abandoned its all-red strip for claret and blue whilst also introducing a radically different badge.

That new emblem was the so-called ‘Unity fist’ that incorporated the chain of the old crest in a clenched gauntlet with the epitaph ‘unity’. The club retained the design until 1990 when it was dropped in favour of the current style of badge that features an iron girder. I understand the ‘Unity fist’ was abandoned on account of being considered unsuitable as a family brand but was revived in 2014 on the club’s third shirt following a campaign by Scunthorpe supporters for a return to a ‘traditional’ design.

What Scunthorpe fans might not appreciate is that I was the person who designed their ‘Unity fist’ badge and that it was sketched on a sandwich wrapper en route home to Bradford on a supporters’ coach. It spoke volumes about amateurish branding in 1981 that Scunthorpe should rely upon my efforts but I am flattered that the design achieved popular acclaim and its place in the history of our visitors today.

• Thanks for visiting my blog. Scroll down for details about my books in the BANTAMSPAST History Revisited series which tell the history of sport in Bradford – and in particular football. The books seek to explain why things happened as they did instead of simply recording what occurred and readers may be surprised at the extent to which they contradict many of the myths and superficial narratives that have circulated previously. You won’t get fancy graphics but you will find substance and historical accuracy in the content! Tweets @jpdewhirst
• More here about the BCAFC boar’s head crest
• If you are interested in Bradford sport history visit VINCIT: www.bradfordsporthistory.com

The following was published in the Bradford City AFC matchday programme on 11th November, 2017 (Plymouth Argyle):

When I undertook my research on the origins of football in Bradford, it became apparent that the historic links between sport and the military in Bradford had long since been forgotten. This is ironic given the constant reminder provided by the traditional club colours of City and Avenue / Northern having been derived from military connections. My belief is that after the carnage of the Great War the military heritage tended to be overlooked, not necessarily for ideological reasons but because it was probably seen as outdated, if not irrelevant as people looked to the future. Nonetheless it is unforgivable that the military links have been forgotten and surprisingly overlooked by aspiring academics.

The early history of Manningham FC – established in 1880 and the predecessor of Bradford City AFC in 1903 – had strong links with the citizen soldiers of Bradford. The generation of men involved with establishing ‘football’ clubs in Bradford during the second half of the 1870’s was typically connected with the Volunteer – or territorial – army units in the town and ‘athleticism’ in the widest sense was considered to be a form of military training by virtue of its health benefits.

The Volunteers had been established in 1859 to provide a home defence force to protect the UK from invasion and in Bradford the principal units were the 3rd Yorkshire (West Riding) Rifle Volunteer Corps (3rd YWRRVC)and the 2nd Yorkshire (West Riding) Artillery Volunteers Corps.

One reason for the popularity of the Volunteers was that they provided recreational opportunities and in particular access to new sporting activities such as gymnastics and ‘football’ (which in Bradford meant rugby). There was even a dedicated side, Bradford Rifles FC established in 1875 which comprised of a high proportion of Bradford Caledonian FC players (one of the oldest clubs, established in 1873 and also the biggest), a number of whom became associated with Manningham FC in leadership roles.

This connection encouraged a natural sympathy towards the military but so too did the proximity of Valley Parade to Belle Vue barracks where the 3rd YWRRVC was based. The facilities were used on various occasions (in addition to the former artillery barracks on Valley Parade) for meetings as well as changing and training facilities by Manningham FC and the infant Bradford City club.

The dominant political culture at Valley Parade and Park Avenue prior to World War One was unquestionably Conservatism and it was second nature for the two clubs and their membership to espouse patriotism. A good example of this was the decision to adopt claret and amber in 1884. These were the regimental colours of the West Yorkshire Regiment which had been established in 1881 from the 14th Regiment of Foot as part of a reorganisation of the military to assign a fixed recruiting area. In the same year the Childers reforms had resulted in the 3rd YWRRVC becoming the volunteer battalion of The Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment).

The Manningham FC founders comprised men who had served in the Bradford Volunteers in the 1870s, drilling and parading alongside one another at Belle Vue Barracks and Cottingley Terrace. When, four years after the club’s founding, they came to change its colours in April 1884 against the backdrop of the Sudan crisis and the Gordon Relief expedition, they would naturally have reached for a colour identity rooted in the patriotic-military culture in which their own adult social identity had been formed. Whether claret and amber matched any specific regiment’s regulation facings at that moment is almost beside the point — the decision was symbolic, not heraldic. It was a statement of where these men saw themselves standing in relation to the Bradford civic-patriotic tradition: with the Volunteers, with the garrison at Belle Vue, with the town’s long martial heritage stretching back to the original 1794 scarlet-and-buff that had been worn by the original Bradford Volunteers of the French Revolutionary era.

The occasion of Manningham FC adopting claret and amber  in 1884 thus came at a time of patriotic fervour associated with the Sudan crisis and the excitement that Bradford men might actually go to war. Arguably it was the same enthusiasm thirty years later with spectators at Valley Parade being actively encouraged to enlist to fight on the western front.

In 1884 the new Manningham shirts were hooped with the width of the claret being twice the width of the amber, consistent with the blazer design below (stripes apart).

The traditional sporting colours of Bradford were red, amber and black whose origin can be traced to the original Bradford Volunteers of the Napoleonic era.

Further detail of Bradford’s military history and the circumstances surrounding the adoption of claret and amber is told my book ROOM AT THE TOP, available from Bantamspast.net 

This feature published on VINCIT tells the story of the Bradford Rifles

John Dewhirst

Bury FC has a similar military link to claret and amber (link to Bury blog)

• Thanks for visiting my blog. Scroll down for details about my books in the BANTAMSPAST History Revisited series which tell the history of sport in Bradford – and in particular football. The books seek to explain why things happened as they did instead of simply recording what occurred and readers may be surprised at the extent to which they contradict many of the myths and superficial narratives that have circulated previously.
• If you are interested in Bradford sport history visit VINCIT: http://www.bradfordsporthistory.wordpress.com

A sporting jacket in the regimental colours of the West Yorkshire Regiment from c1900 on display at York Army Museum.

My feature in the match day programme, Bradford City vs Chesterfield FA Cup Round One, 4th November, 2017

Attendances for games in the early rounds of the FA Cup are nowadays a fraction of league gates, a phenomenon that is not unique to Bradford City. And yet, prior to the 1980s at least, the FA Cup was always certain of attracting decent crowds to Valley Parade even for first round contests. In fact, the FA Cup was invariably a highlight of the season and the draws eagerly awaited. From a financial perspective, success or otherwise in the FA Cup could dictate profit or loss over a season.

Cup campaigns feature prominently in the history of Bradford City AFC, most notably triumph in the FA Cup Final of 1911 and celebrated giant-killings including that of Chelsea in 2015. In this context it is disappointing that our game with Chesterfield will be attended by so few, particularly given bumper average league attendances.

The predecessor club at Valley Parade, Manningham FC also had a strong cup-fighting tradition and its original rise to prominence was derived from performances in the Yorkshire Challenge Cup (rugby union competition) during the 1880s. The most celebrated cup achievement of Manningham FC was when the club reached the final in 1885 only to be defeated by Batley.

Manningham FC were defeated by Bradford FC at Park Avenue in the Yorkshire Cup in March, 1884 and again two years later. When the clubs were drawn together in March, 1887 it had all the makings of an ultimate grudge confrontation. The night before that game was due to take place there was a heavy snowfall in West Yorkshire and the match at Park Avenue was called off. However it subsequently transpired that Bradford FC officials had made no effort to clear the pitch and despite the weather, other games had taken place elsewhere in the county. It was alleged that the Bradford club had deliberately sought to get the tie re-arranged knowing that the Manningham FC players would be unable to play mid-week. Bradford FC was censured by the Yorkshire RU and the controversy ended in the high court with the club withdrawing from the Yorkshire Cup competition for the next two seasons in protest.

The event became enshrined in Bradford sporting legend and helped define the subsequent rivalry of the successor soccer clubs. The historic allure of the FA Cup in Bradford was enhanced by the prospect that City might be drawn against its Park Avenue rivals. Indeed, I confess that I held out hope that there could have been a meeting between Bradford City and the reformed side at either Valley Parade or Horsfall in the first round.

City and Avenue met in the FA Cup on three occasions (all at Park Avenue) with City being victorious twice. In March, 1920 both City and Avenue were defeated in the quarter-finals, the nearest that the city ever came to its sides meeting in the final stages of the competition.

Chesterfield FC have previously been drawn against Bradford City in the FA Cup three times and only once have City been winners. In November, 1903 they were in fact the first club to defeat Bradford City in the competition, winning 2-1 at Saltergate in the fourth qualifying round.

In January, 1938 second division Chesterfield defeated City in a second replay of the third round tie. It was a result that caused considerable disappointment in Bradford because having been relegated to Division Three (North) in 1937, the City club had hoped that the FA Cup could provide an opportunity for glory and financial relief. Non-League Walker Celtic had caused a shock by drawing at Valley Parade in the first round but the 11-3 victory in the replay set a club record in the competition. Victory at Wrexham in the second round then led to the tie with Chesterfield. The first game at Valley Parade attracted a crowd of thirteen thousand but the second replay at Bramall Lane was watched by 21,061.

The last time Chesterfield played Bradford City in the FA Cup was in November, 1975 when the visitors were defeated 1-0 at Valley Parade in the first round. The attendance on that occasion was 4,352 and it is sobering to note that there were only two league games that season which attracted a higher crowd. The defeat of third division Chesterfield by Bradford City (who were then members of Division Four) proved the start of a memorable cup run and the club progressed to the quarter finals and eventual defeat by Cup winners Southampton. Few of us expected that feat to ever be repeated and yet in 2014/15 City once again reached the last eight of the competition, reason enough as far as I am concerned that the FA Cup does not deserve to be overlooked.

John Dewhirst

• Thanks for visiting my blog. Scroll down for details about my books in the BANTAMSPAST History Revisited series which tell the history of sport in Bradford – and in particular football. The books seek to explain why things happened as they did instead of simply recording what occurred and readers may be surprised at the extent to which they contradict many of the myths and superficial narratives that have circulated previously.
• If you are interested in Bradford sport history visit VINCIT: http://www.bradfordsporthistory.wordpress.com 

My feature published in the BCAFC programme vs Charlton Athletic on 21 October, 2017.

Among the various relics in my collection of Bradford City memorabilia, one of my favourites is a book published in 1927 to accompany the grand fund-raising bazaar in October of that year.

It is an evocative publication with illustrated adverts of long gone Bradford businesses that are equally fascinating as the editorial content. The rear cover features the FA Cup trophy adorned with claret and amber ribbons and the wistful epitaph ‘Glorious 1911’, a reminder of a former era of glory. In addition to a statistical record it includes a history of Bradford City written by the journalist William Sawyer. The edition was updated in 1953 to mark the club’s jubilee but incredibly, it remained the only account of the history of the club until 1988.

Organised by the Bradford City Supporters’ and Shareholders’ Association, the bazaar was an initiative to restore the finances of the parent football club which had been relegated to Division Three (North) after a calamitous season in 1926/27 during which the team had won only 7 of its 42 league games. New money was desperately needed to provide a degree of stability and recruit players. In May, 1927 supporters had been told that the club desperately needed £5,000 to remain solvent and there had been concerted effort during the summer to promote the sale of season tickets.

Lottery legislation restricted options and bazaars were therefore a common response to a financial crisis. Halifax Town had had one in 1923 and the supporters club at Park Avenue likewise in November, 1925 which raised £1,000. The Bradford City bazaar took place between 26-29 October, 1927 at Church House on North Parade and would have been recognisable as a typical community fete with various stalls selling home produce and refreshments as well as attractions such as tombolas. What is notable is that everyone associated with the club was involved including players, officials and their wives. It was a genuine collective effort.

In the nineteenth century bazaars had been a traditional response by members of sports clubs in Bradford to raise funds and in November, 1896 Manningham FC had organised a fund raising bazaar in the Belle Vue drill hall. On that occasion the Manningham committee invited a celebrity Indian cricketer, Prince KS Ranjitainhji (an undergraduate at Cambridge University) to be guest of honour but regrettably he sent a telegram at short notice to apologise for his non-attendance.

Typically bazaars were more significant for galvanising support and common purpose than the amounts they raised. However, they allowed supporters of a club to feel that they were doing something to safeguard its future and hence they had a benefit to morale. Although the proceeds of the bazaar in 1927 helped the club, the amount was immaterial in terms of transforming the finances and there was general disappointment that only £1,150 was raised.

Nonetheless I can’t help but feel that it must have been a unique event. It is one that I believe is deserving of commemoration on its centenary as a reminder that Bradford City has invariably relied upon the support of volunteers to survive. For that matter, it might be quite amusing to restage the bazaar as a ‘Roaring Twenties weekend’ so make a note in your diaries as a reminder for 2027.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Thanks for visiting my blog. Scroll down for details about my books in the BANTAMSPAST History Revisited series which tell the history of sport in Bradford – and in particular football. The books seek to explain why things happened as they did instead of simply recording what occurred and readers may be surprised at the extent to which they contradict many of the myths and superficial narratives that have circulated previously.

If you are interested in Bradford sport history visit VINCIT: http://www.bradfordsporthistory.com

The following was published in the Bradford City programme v Oldham Athletic on 17 October, 2017

On 18th October, 1997 a goalless draw at Port Vale left Bradford City in sixth position in the second division with five wins and four draws out of the first eleven games. The Richmond era was by now in full swing. After narrowly avoiding relegation at the end of the previous season, there had been an ambitious policy to strengthen the team during the summer in pursuit of the ultimate promotion. Scarred by the disappointment of the ‘nearly season’ ten years before, few supporters were prepared to get carried away and indeed, it was often said that Richmond had more ambition than the fans. However, with a quarter of the season completed, in 1997 there was a growing sense of self-belief. After all, in February of that year the club had signed a Brazilian, Edinho and on 27 March, 1997 Her Majesty The Queen had visited Valley Parade. It seemed that anything was possible.

It was a remarkable phase in the club’s history and one that has tended to be overlooked after the financial implosion that eventually occurred five years later. At the time it was about living a dream but none of us could ever imagine the roller coaster ride that was about to begin.

Bradford City was not the only club enjoying the high life. Five other clubs more used to lower division fare found themselves that season in what was then called Football League Division One. Of Bury, Crewe, Port Vale, Stockport and Tranmere, the latter two are currently outside the top four divisions and Oxford United was another that suffered loss of League status. The headline of the season however was the relegation of Manchester City alongside Stoke City and Reading.

Today’s opponents Oldham were in the division below us, alongside three clubs currently in the Premier League – Bournemouth, Burnley and Watford, and two others who are now outside the Football League – Wrexham and York City. In the Premier League were Blackburn, Coventry and Wimbledon and in the League’s basement were Brighton, Cardiff, Chester, Darlington, Hull, Scarborough and Swansea. If ever a season in recent memory had to be selected as a snapshot of upward and downward mobility, I would nominate 1997/98 as my choice.

Games with Manchester City were some of the most memorable that season. Defeat at Maine Road in November, 1997 signalled that the club was not yet strong enough for a sustained promotion challenge. Another defeat at the ground in the FA Cup third round in January, 1988 cost manager Chris Kamara his job. Kamara’s £625k signing of John McGinlay from Bolton Wanderers in November, 1997 proved to be one of the biggest transfer flops in the club’s history.

The highest attendance at Valley Parade that season was for the fixture with Manchester City on 28 March, 1998 which attracted ‘only’ 17,099 of which there could not have been more than three thousand from Manchester. The Sky Blues – Uwe Rosler, Kinkladse et al, were a big part of the story that season and results at Valley Parade had a big bearing on their fortunes. Other than our victory in that League game, it was a home defeat for City on the last day of the season that sealed the fate of the Manchester side – victory for Portsmouth at Valley Parade secured that club’s own escape.

John Dewhirst

The following is my column published in the Bradford City matchday programme on 30 September, 2017 (v Doncaster):

Doncaster Rovers FC was formed in 1879 and was first elected to the Football League in 1901. What is quite unique for the club is that it has had no less than four distinct periods as members of the Football League: 1901-03; 1904/05; 1923-98; and 2003 to date.

In May 1903 Bradford City AFC gained election to the Football League alongside Stockport and Burnley at the expense of Doncaster. City led the ballot of applicants securing 30 votes, followed by Stockport County 20; Burnley 19; Doncaster Rovers 14; Crewe Alexandra 7; West Hartlepool 7; Southport Central 4; and Willington Athletic 1.

It was an unprecedented outcome that a club which had not even played a game should be allowed to join the League and, needless to say, the Doncaster officials and supporters were aggrieved. The complaint was made that ‘Bradford was a paper club without players’ and that undue influence had been brought to bear on the delegates to procure votes. Indeed, the Football League was anxious to get representation in West Yorkshire and Doncaster Rovers were sacrificed accordingly.

Ironically it was the example of Doncaster Rovers that had enabled Bradford City AFC to be formed in the first place. Faced with losses and the declining popularity of Northern Union rugby, Manningham FC had sought to introduce professional soccer to Valley Parade. The principal obstacle however was the lack of funds to raise a team and it was Doncaster who provided the idea of how best to do so.

Doncaster Rovers had regularly staged an archery contest which to my knowledge dated back to at least 1891. In essence it was a lottery, but was promoted as a contest of skill to avoid running foul of legislation on gambling. It thus exploited a legal loophole and chairman Alfred Ayrton identified it as the obvious solution to the needs of Manningham FC.

The event took place at Valley Parade on New Year’s Day, 1903. There were prizes with a total value of £500, the first prize being £85 of furniture, the second a grand piano and the 150th for 5s. A total of 115,000 tickets were sold in blocks of 30, 40 and 50 at 6d apiece which raised £2,875 and one individual was reported to have bought 120, equivalent to £3. The ticket stubs were attached to a 16 ft revolving target and from a platform, independent archers fired arrows until all 150 prizes were claimed.

A subsequent version of events was that the Chief Constable had plotted a raid to arrest the participants but the mayor of Bradford was invited by Ayrton to shoot the first arrow and in so doing averted police action.

The success of the archery contest gave stimulus to the association project. It meant that Manningham FC could secure its short term survival by paying off its debts and the remaining funds allowed Manningham FC to recruit professional soccer players and stake its claim for membership of the Football League.

The following was published in the Bradford City AFC programme (vs Rotherham United) on 16 September, 2017:

On 17 September, 1927 Bradford City hosted Bradford (Park Avenue), the first meeting of the sides in a Football League fixture since the 1920/21 season when the two were members of Division One. Such was the interest that it attracted a reported crowd of 37,059 to Valley Parade, a record for a League fixture at the ground. (The record attendance is recorded as 39,146 for the FA Cup quarterfinal tie with Burnley in March, 1911.)

The attendance was a measure of the enthusiasm for derby football in Bradford but it also revealed the pent-up demand for success and excitement. In the six seasons since they had last been in the same division, both clubs had been relegated twice: Avenue had dropped out of the first division at the end of 1920/21 and the following season City had been relegated from Division One and Avenue from Division Two. With City’s relegation at the end of the 1926/27 season, Bradford found itself with two clubs in Division Three (North).

The collapse of the two clubs had been remarkable and the back-to-back relegations of Bradford PA was unprecedented. City’s record in 1926/27 was also notable for the fact that the side had won only 7 of its 42 League games, an unenviable ratio that remained the club’s worst until 2000/01 when City were relegated from the Premier League with only 5 wins out of 38.

For a city that had boasted such a strong pedigree in sport it was a real low point in its sporting history. Neither were Bradford Northern doing much better at Birch Lane, struggling at the bottom of the Rugby League and in a weak financial state. By far the most successful side in Bradford was the amateur Bradford Rugby Club at Lidget Green, winners of the Yorkshire Challenge Cup three times in succession 1923-25 and regularly enjoying five figure crowds.

Older sportsmen in the city must have questioned the wisdom of rugby having been abandoned at Park Avenue in 1907 and besides, Bradford Rugby demonstrated the continuing affection for Rugby Union. At Valley Parade questions had also been asked about whether Bradford could support two professional soccer clubs although the suggestion of merger was dismissed by supporters of both.

Avenue won the derby at Valley Parade by 3-2 and later achieved the double at Park Avenue in January, 1928 defeating City 5-0. By the end of 1927 the club sat at the top of Division Three (North) where it remained for the rest of the season. It marked the beginnings of a new era and judged in terms of League performance, Bradford PA remained the top side in Bradford for the next quarter century.

City finished 1927/28 in 6th position but the following season secured promotion as champions in record fashion, scoring 128 goals. The recovery of Avenue and City – and their return to the second division – convinced soccer followers that there was room for both clubs after all and talk of amalgamation was abandoned… at least until the next crisis.

John Dewhirst

The following is my column that was published in the Bradford City programme (v Bristol Rovers) on 2nd September, 2017

Valley Parade has been the home of Bradford City ever since the club was formed in 1903. Prior to that it had been used for rugby by Manningham FC, staging Rugby Union between 1886 and 1895 and then Northern Union (RL) between 1895 and 1903. Additionally, it has been adopted by Bradford Northern and then Bradford Bulls for Rugby League fixtures. Accordingly, what is unique about the ground is that it has staged all three of the principal codes of football. During the last century Valley Parade hosted gymnastics and boxing on various occasions but what has been overlooked is that when Valley Parade was constructed it was designated as both a football ground and an athletics arena.

Manningham FC had been forced to relocate from Carlisle Road on account of the construction of a school and Valley Parade was selected by virtue of the absence of other options. The site required considerable work to create a suitable venue on a hillside but its central location was considered an advantage. The venture represented a major undertaking for the club and the use of the ground for athletics was therefore seen as a means to make the investment pay its way. As a result, a three yards wide cinder track was thus included around the pitch perimeter for running competition.

When plans for the new ground had been announced in May, 1886 local cyclists had lobbied for a cycling track to be incorporated at Valley Parade. The lack of a cycling track was keenly felt in Bradford and enthusiasts were forced to resort to cycling in public parks which was regarded as an anti-social nuisance. Poor road surfaces and adverse gradients left few other options. The cyclists had wanted a wooden track to be laid down. Other than the prohibitive cost the other factor dictating against it was that it would have been unsuitable for running whereas a cinder track could at least be used by cyclists and runners. Although the cyclists were disappointed and forced to look elsewhere, cycling events were nonetheless staged at Valley Parade during athletics festivals.

Athletic festivals took place at Valley Parade on an annual basis between 1887 and 1896. The illustration dates from August, 1887 when Airedale Harriers organised the first such festival at Valley Parade with events including a two mile bicycle handicap. On this occasion however the crowd was said to have been disappointing despite decent weather. A marquee was erected on the platform which then existed above the Manningham end terrace before the Kop was extended in 1906. Manningham FC and later Bradford City AFC maintained close relations with Airedale Harriers of whom Tony Fattorini was a joint member and those links encouraged the adoption of athletic training for football purposes. Prior to 1903 the Harriers also provided pre-match entertainment with races at Valley Parade.

The end of athletic festivals came with the launch of the Northern Union in 1895 and the reluctance of amateur athletes to be associated with events staged by professional clubs for fear of being banned from amateur competition. Changing fashions and the evolution of athletics towards codified events demanding dedicated venues were other factors. Furthermore, the final event at Valley Parade in 1896 had been loss-making.

The following was published in the Bradford City match day programme on 19 August, 2017:

Tomorrow marks the centenary of the death of Jimmy Hamilton Speirs, team captain and scorer of the winning goal when City defeated Newcastle United in the FA Cup Final replay at Old Trafford on 26 April, 1911. After the game he was cheered by 100,000 exultant Bradfordians in the city centre and yet six years later he faced death in a muddy shell-hole at the age of only 31, killed at Passchendale on 10th August, 1917.

Jimmy Speirs had formerly played for Rangers and Clyde before joining Bradford City in 1909. Whilst at Rangers he had been capped once for Scotland. In total he made 96 first team League and Cup appearances for City, scoring 33 goals before being sold to Leeds City on 27 December, 1912. At the time of his transfer he was the leading scorer at Valley Parade but faced with a collapse in form during the preceding two months, Peter O’Rourke needed funds to finance team strengthening. It proved impossible to refuse the £1,400 fee offered by Leeds City for the inside left which was a record transaction for both clubs. However it is questionable whether Bradford City ever recovered prior to the suspension of League football in 1915 from the loss of their talisman.

On their part, Leeds were prepared to pay a premium such that Jimmy Speirs would be registered in time to play in the FA Cup but it is notable that the player himself was reported to receive between £200-300 which would have provided financial security for his family. Indeed Speirs was known to be financially astute and it was said that in 1909 he had made a small fortune from trading rubber shares. We will never know whether he was unsettled at Valley Parade in 1912 and possibly tempted away by Leeds manager, Herbert Chapman.

Whilst Jimmy Speirs is remembered for his place in the history of the club, he could be defined by so much more. Not only was he an inspirational leader on the football pitch he was a popular NCO on the battlefield who led by example, awarded the Military Medal in May, 1917. He was also a family man with two young children. The loss of such a remarkable individual is the ultimate illustration of the futility of war. He is buried at Dochy Wood Cemetery in New Flanders and his grave is regularly attended by football supporters and family members.

In making the ultimate sacrifice, Speirs was one of 245,000 British soldiers killed at Passchendaele and an estimated 744,000 in the conflict as a whole. A total of four serving and six former Bradford City players were killed in action during the Great War and Bob Torrance was another member of the 1911 FA Cup winning team to be killed (April, 1918). Subsequent to the war Jimmy Speirs and others with a Valley Parade connection were remembered first and foremost as fallen soldiers among comrades in arms. So many men had been killed that there was a reluctance to differentiate former professional football players as deserving of unique attention and I believe that Jimmy, known as a team player would have concurred with this treatment.

Accordingly a memorial to the war dead of Bradford City was not erected at Valley Parade until 2015 (funded by a badge sale organised by Bantamspast) and prior generations tended to remember Jimmy Speirs as one of countless others who never returned. By contrast the distinct commemoration of footballers killed in action has been a more modern phenomenon.

I encourage readers to visit www.jimmy-speirs.co.uk to learn more about Jimmy.

John Dewhirst

The following was published in the Bradford City match day programme on 8 August, 2017

Judged from its width alone, Midland Road conveys the status of a primary highway and yet it doesn’t go anywhere. Could the Victorians have really designed it solely for modern day street parking and to provide entertainment for future generations of traffic wardens? Surely there cannot be another road of its ilk in Bradford.

The original intention was for a road to Shipley from the Midland Station (what became Forster Square station, as renamed in 1924). The route can be detected from an aerial view on Google maps and you can’t help but think that it would have been a better option compared to either Manningham Lane or Canal Road. Indeed, our predecessors thought likewise. In particular, Valley Road was a cause of frustration for the Midland Railway as it was unable to accommodate the increase in traffic to its busy goods yard.

Passenger and goods traffic to and from Bradford was booming so the Midland looked to expand its warehouse and goods depot as well as increase capacity through additional sidings. The plans for the new ‘twenty yard’ road – a benchmark for primary highways of the era – fulfilled a couple of other objectives for the Midland by improving access to a new station at Frizinghall (opened 1875) and by encouraging the development of housing along the corridor.

The scale of development and the extent of the financial investment should not be underestimated but it was unfortunate that it coincided with a downturn in the property market in 1873. The reason why the Midland Road never extended to Shipley is understood to have been because property owners refused the sale of their land en route. In the depressed conditions, the Midland decided to terminate negotiations as well as the road project because a loss of appetite for property speculation in the town undermined the viability of the scheme. The Midland had other construction programmes at the time and was also digesting the cost of the Settle to Carlisle railway (which did not open to passenger traffic until April, 1876) and the construction of St. Pancras station in London. Hence it decided to conserve funds for use elsewhere. Thus Midland Road became something of a white elephant.

The Valley Parade site was originally intended to be a consignment warehouse by the Midland Railway who bought the land in anticipation of development in 1872. The railway company had intended to construct a bridge from the bottom of Cornwall Road to the railway yard in the valley below. A warehouse at Valley Parade would then have provided goods storage to and from the sidings.

Subsequent to the same property crash of 1873 the Valley Parade warehouse development did not proceed and the site remained in an undeveloped state with stone extracted for building and the area used to deposit a combination of building spoil and household waste. Although it would have been rough land there is reason to believe that it was adopted for stabling and in May, 1886 it was even reported to have staged a circus.

The following link narrates the early development of Valley Parade after 1886 and incorporates material that had been overlooked until the publication of my book ROOM AT THE TOP (Bantamspast, 2016).

John Dewhirst

*** The history of Valley Parade continued to be closely linked to that of Bradford’s railways. The story of the saga for a cross-town rail link in Bradford can be found from this link.